Underground comix

Description

Underground comix are small press or self-published comic books that are often socially relevant or satirical in nature. They differ from mainstream comics in depicting content forbidden to mainstream publications by the Comics Code Authority, including explicit drug use, sexuality, and violence. They were most popular in the United States and in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and 1970s.

Robert Crumb, Gilbert Shelton, Barbara "Willy" Mendes, Trina Robbins and numerous other cartoonists created underground titles that were popular with readers within the counterculture scene. Punk had its own comic artists like Gary Panter. Long after their heyday, underground comix gained prominence with films and television shows influenced by the movement and with mainstream comic books, but their legacy is most obvious with alternative comics. Read more ↗

Key Artists

Robert Crumb (R. Crumb)
Undisputed figurehead of underground comix who single-handedly created and illustrated Zap Comix #1 in 1968, introducing countercultural icons like Mr. Natural and Fritz the Cat.
Gilbert Shelton
Pioneering underground cartoonist and co-founder of Rip Off Press whose The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers and Wonder Wart-Hog satirized anti-establishment hippie culture with virtuoso comedic timing.
Trina Robbins
Groundbreaking feminist cartoonist who organized and edited It Ain't Me, Babe (1970), the first all-female underground comic book, and co-founded Wimmen's Comix.
S. Clay Wilson
Provocative underground comix artist whose dense, hyper-violent, and taboo-shattering pirate and biker stories pushed the boundaries of expression and pushed R. Crumb toward darker narrative territory.
Spain Rodriguez
Working-class and politically militant underground cartoonist known for Trashman and gritty, highly detailed depictions of urban conflict, left-wing politics, and biker subcultures.
Justin Green
Innovator of the intensely confessional, autobiographical graphic narrative whose 1972 masterpiece Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary inspired the entire modern genre of graphic memoir.

Famous Artworks

Zap Comix #1
Robert Crumb · 1968
Apex Novelties, San Francisco (Documented by MoMA/SFMOMA) - Black and white underground comic book with color cover
The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers #1
Gilbert Shelton · 1971
Rip Off Press, San Francisco - Black and white comic book
It Ain't Me, Babe #1
Trina Robbins and various women cartoonists · 1970
Last Gasp Eco-Funnies, Berkeley - Black and white comic book
Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary
Justin Green · 1972
Last Gasp, San Francisco - 44-page solo comic book
Zap Comix #4
Robert Crumb, S. Clay Wilson, Gilbert Shelton, Spain Rodriguez, Victor Moscoso, Rick Griffin, and Robert Williams · 1969
Print Mint, Berkeley - Anthology comic book

Fun Facts

Underground cartoonists deliberately spelled the genre with an 'x' ('comix') both to distinguish their work from sanitized mainstream comic books and to proudly signal the 'X-rated', adult-oriented themes within.
↗ Source: en.wikipedia.org
Because mainstream newsstands and distributors refused to carry comix due to their violations of the Comics Code Authority, underground titles flourished by building an alternative distribution network through head shops, record stores, and counterculture bookshops across the United States.
↗ Source: en.wikipedia.org

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